Paul Hunt disability research

Research PAUL HUNT - the ten disabilty sterotypes as this may occur in the exam.
social model - society aspect .... and also phyical model, main aspects need to look for and LINK them!

The individual model
The societal view of disability generally conforms to the individual or overcoming or medical model of disability. This holds that disability is inherent in the individual, whose responsibility it is to ‘overcome’ her or his ‘tragic’ disability. Often this ‘overcoming’ is achieved through medical intervention, such as attempts at ‘cures’. This approach to disability aims for the normalisation of disabled people, often through the medicalisation of their condition.

The social model of disability
This distinguishes between impairment (the physical or mental 'problem') and disability (the way society views it as being a negative). It holds that impairments are not inherently disabling, but that disability is caused by society which fails to provide for people with impairments, and which puts obstacles in their way.

Examples include access: the built environment often does not allow access for people with mobility problems.

Discriminatory attitudes are also disabling: for example, the idea that disability is a personal tragedy for the ‘sufferer’ impinges upon disabled people in a variety of negative ways, from their social relationships to their ability to get jobs.

Paul Hunt:

Paul Hunt identified 10 stereotypes that the media use to portray disabled people:

1. The disabled person as pitiable or pathetic -This means deserving or inciting pity; "a hapless victim"; "miserable victims of war"; most of these you would find a link to in a tv drama.

2. An object of curiosity or violence - This means that they are very self aware of themselfs and feels more uncomfortable in a soical enviroment and they are defenceless in some aspects e.g. if someone is blind they cannot see where people are a hazard to themsleves, and if some is in a wheelchair they cannot move there body as a normal person can, and could be used as a emotion weapon to family in a tv drama. E.g. they could be caught and help hostiage untill the main charcter - hero pay the victim! the money - (princess).

3. Sinister or evil - stemming from evil characteristics or forces; wicked or dishonorable; meaning in a tv drama they could all look defenceless and sweet but behind closed doors they are evil and backstabbers which leads to a dilemma in a storyline. Also if they get themsleves into a fight they cannot do anything and someone who is phyical non disable will have to get involved e.g. a blind person in daredevil when he is a superhero (film).

4. The super cripple - Cannot do anything and causes a problem in a storyline, someone will have to look after them to keep the survivial a more higher percentage.

5. As atmosphere - It changes the social rate in either outdoors or in a pub if a disabled enters, e.g. if someone has a burnt face from a fire people will look at them like they are a freak of nature and react different to them and try to aviod them at all costs.

6. Laughable - Some of them can be funny as they are disabled they cant do much in the sexual and soical aspect so they try to be funny round people, mostly you will see them in a a pub, this increases thier indentity in a tv drama e.g. phoneix nights they have used a famous commedian for the disabled person ----> peter Kay as he is known around the globe.

7. His/her own worst enemy - An emery to themselves, they hate being disabled and they are depressed because of their disability in a TV drama this would link to suicide and dilemmas and cliffhangers.

8. As a burden - an onerous or difficult concern; "the burden of responsibility" too much hassle in other words to go out with to a nightclub maybe, so the person will make a lie in a drama to leave them in the house or just say they don't want the hassle.

9. As Non-sexual - As the person is disabled they are going to be disabled in the sexual aspects e.g. is the person is in a wheelchair they cannot move, also if one person is blind it will hard because the person will not be able to see. So with this is alienates them away from this in any programme.

10. Being unable to participate in daily life - this means that the disabled person can't participate daily things in life there are many examples of this, they will not be able to play sports as well, if the person is in a wheelchair he or she will need help up the stairs or someone to help e.g. little Britain. Also yet again it alienates them from the use of daily life which makes them disappear in a programme.

So from this research i i can now look any programme and relate to the key point with paul hunt and disability, yet again the red writing and bold words are the key aspects.

Research into stereotypes TESSA PERKINS:

TESSA PERKINS! needs to be researched as her work STEREOTYPES will occur in the exam relate some forms to her etc.
Why she said it and what she said it about LINKS EVIDENCE
EDITING - NON digetive and degitive and also other editing forms.

Tessa Perkins:

Representation is a key concept in Media education. Understanding the difference between
what is real and what is represented is vital to our understanding of any media text.
IT IS NOT POSSIBLE FOR THE MEDIA TO PRESENT THE WORLD AS IT REALLY
IS. BECAUSE THE MEDIA CONSTRUCTS MEANINGS ABOUT THE WORLD THEY
CHANGE OR MEDIATE WHAT IS REALLY THERE.
Representation is concerned with the way that people, ideas and events are presented to us.
What appears on screens, in print etc., does not appear by accident, but through a process of
decision making from within the media industries. A media text then, needs to be viewed in
this light - as a series of representations, a vehicle for beliefs, values and attitudes, which
can be reinforced ( or challenged) by the audience.
What we, as Audience can do.
(1) Spot representations ( by understanding how they are created )
(2) be critical of representations ( by deciding whether they are 'fair' )
(3) understand why familiar representations keep recurring ( is it to do with society, the media
? who's really in charge ? )
Towards a Definition
The concept of representation is to do with how the media constructs meanings about the
world - they re-present it and help us make sense of it. For representations to make sense
there must be a shared recognition by audiences of the ideas, values, situations etc. contained
in the text. However not all audiences will interpret these meanings in the same way. There is
always the possibility of alternative representations.
Representation is not an easy concept to define in a simplistic way. It can have a number of
different senses. Dyer, suggests 4 variations;

• A selective Re-presentation of reality.
This is obvious in newspapers, where the form is completely different from the events
reported, but less so in television serials, which often succeed in creating the illusion of a
transparent window on the world with a similar time frame and rhythm to our own.

• A typical or representation of reality
Media often use stereotypes to typify particular social groups as a form of shorthand. i.e.
gender,race,age

• The process of speaking on behalf of or as a representative of a particular position.
Whose views are being put forward in particular messages? Whose voices are being
heard for example southern and nothern tones.

• The meanings which media messages represent for audiences.
What do readers bring to messages which affects how they interpret them?
What actual sense is made when particular messages are understand?

How this link to tessa perkins is that through hewr beliefs and jestures towdards sterotypes in any sort of programme or form this is what her opioions and thought are which change the media industry;


• Stereotypes are not always negative (e.g. 'The French are good cooks').

• They are not always about minority groups or the less powerful ( e.g. 'upper class twits').
• They can be held about one's own group.

• They are not rigid or unchanging ( e.g. the "cloth cap worker of the 1950's became the
1980's 'consumerist home-owner who holidays in Spain').

• They are not always false. (e.g. 'Media Studies teachers tend to be liberal/left wing in their
politics'.

Stereotyping has tended to suggest that it is wrong to see people in catagories. Yet in the field
of social pyschology it has long been recognised that catagorisation is a fundamental process
necessary for humans to make sense of the world. Humans need to impose structure on events
,experiences and people.

These are some of her qoutes;

You could look at a portrait of someone and say "That's so-and-so". But you'd be wrong; it's
not "so-and-so", it's just a canvas, and a combination of different colours of paint.

You could watch a Natural History programme on TV and be amazed by the antics of an
orang-utang; but you're not really watching an orang-utang; you're watching a recording,
carefully selected and constructed by those making the programme, to conjure up an 'image'
of orang-utang behaviour.

So with this revision in hand i know can look at an exam question and relate to someone who is famous and has a reflect opioions upon this type of subject.

Yet again all the bold writing are the key points to look at.

Gate keeping revision

GATE KEEPING

research ideology and also Laura mulvey with this as she is LINKED to ther MALE GAZE as wel find HOW they LINK etc. Hetrosexual male key aspect in any programme with this media device in.

Ideology: Ideology is a form of setting different measures in different region and groups, it revoles mostly around and set ideas towards the goals, expectations, and also action withing a programme of film or any form or repilca etc.
Idelogoy is mostly thought through comperhensive vision;

COMPERHENSIVE VISION - bascially a mind map of what the audiencde wants to see and expect frrom the media that they are watching. In other ways to put it the way of looking at things and different reaction towards the programme e.g. one person my find skins offensive while the other finds it a really good drama (- age groups - male female aspects).

The key thing for ideology is to offer a change in society a really good example to watch for this is shameless - the change of society is the family and dilemmas that are all in it e.g. some of the cast have left as they didn't want to stay in the manchester council estate soicety and this effects the whole sotry and changes the atmosphere and the way the cast reacts in different ways.
It things which exsist but what could make them better to change the whole storyline and is it better or worse and does it work for the audience to take on board and make their dramas programme films documentry better - mostly it linked to todays society.

But when looking at idelogoy you need to look at it in this way;
"Ideologies are systems of abstract thought" this means a ideation - the process of creating new ideas. This is mostly linked to society and todays aspect which the programme media looks at and how today society will affect e.g. the fashion changes in society so what new idea in a programme can show of fashion and do they need contract signing and others various things etc also its produced in music as well e.g. mosh by eminem and the video of hoddies is his message for his emotion and join it because of what he trying to say.

Laura mulvey:

Laura mulvey is best known for "Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema" --> Femisinist film theory is theortical film crtiisim which is explores into frameworks in cinematic and explains link in reality and also relationship to reality, the other arts, individual viewers, and society at large.

This term is not to be confused with general film criticism, which may, however, draw upon ideas from film theory.

Also she mostly aims at femisit poilictics as its a high resource to go to and get her points across and stabs right into the heart of cinema.

But ideology links in with her through the male gaze and this is her point across in her emotions;

In considering the way that films are put together, many feminist film critics have pointed to the "male gaze" that predominates in classical Hollywood filmmaking.

Also she aimed at psychoanalytic framework ---> The concepts of psychoanalysis have been applied to films in various ways. Psychoanalysis ---->

• A method of investigation of the mind and the way one thinks;
  A systematized set of theories about human behavior;
  A method of treatment of psychological or emotional illness.

Classical hollywood filming: used in film history which designates both a visual and sound style for making motion pictures and a mode of production used in the american film industry, so she aimed at the obvious and from this she adapted into the male gaze more as she had power and knowledge over this place and could get her opionion across. And from this ----> sound style, motion pictures, and mode production is linked to the male gaze e.g. a erotic sound and good quailty image of the girl curves etc.

She wanted viewers be to encouraged to identify with the protagonist of the film, who tended to be a man ----> male gaze.

Meanwhile, Hollywood female characters of the 1950s and 60s were, according to Mulvey, coded with "to-be-looked-at-ness." Mulvey suggests that there were two distinct modes of the male gaze of this era: "voyeuristic" (i.e. seeing women as 'whores') and "fetishistic" (i.e. seeing women as 'madonnas').

Mulvey argued that the only way to annihilate the "patriarchal" Hollywood system was to radically challenge and re-shape the filmic strategies of classical Hollywood with alternative feminist methods.

Some feminists criticized "Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema," claiming that, while Mulvey believed that classical Hollywood cinema reflected and shaped the "patriarchal order," the perspective of her writing actually remained within that very heterosexual order.

The article was thus said to have contradicted its "radical" claims, by actually being a covert perpetuation of heterosexual patriarchal order. This was because, in her article, Mulvey presupposes the spectator to be a heterosexual man.

She was thus felt to be denying the existence of lesbian women, gay men, heterosexual women, and those outside of these identities.

The bvit that are highlighted and itialic is what i need to know for my exam so i can link this phrases to luara mulvey.

Key areas for revision when exam is due june 9th

Research PAUL HUNT - the ten disabilty sterotypes as this may occur in the exam.
social model - society aspect .... and also phyical model, main aspects need to look for and LINK them!

GATE KEEPING - research ideology and also Laura mulvey with this as she is LINKED to ther MALE GAZE as wel find HOW they LINK etc. Hetrosexual male key aspect in any programme with this media device in.

TESSA PERKINS! needs to be researched as her work STEREOTYPES will occur in the exam relate some forms to her etc.
Why she said it and what she said it about LINKS EVIDENCE
EDITING - NON digetive and degitive and also other editing forms.

SOUND - pitch tempo felling emotion, does it work, how does it work, what things are there to make the music work - mise en scene

MEDIATE - USE THIS WORD IN THE EXAM THAT TEACHES FROM SOURCES OF MEDIA e.g. This __________ mediates" and "the way this __________ mediates these is ......"

Research LEON FESTINGER ---> congnitve dissonce ----> how the brain reacts to a beliefs it will only aspect it if it over welm with evidence about the belief ----> media etc.

KNOW ALL 5 NARRATIVE CODES AND GIVE DEFININTIONS OF THEM NEED THEM CERTAINLY FOR EXAM!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Revise camera angles and meaning in certain programme and genres every 2 days for hour or 2 at exam leave DO IT!

Mr smiths revison

To prepare for your exam a useful task is to select a TV Drama series and create a series of brief notes under the 7 areas of representation. You may need to watch a variety of sequences to cover all the areas.


How is


youth
ethnicity
homosexuality
disability
power
the countryside
the working class
the upper class


represented?
How do they talk to each other?
What do they wear?
What story-lines are they involved with?
Positive/ Negative representation?



I will look at shameless and also skins and 2 more soaps to analysis this work.

The key 7 factors

In my exam i will need all of the factors to answer in the best of ability of my knowledge towards a 3-5 minute clip. Im putting them down on the blog as i tend to use this quite alot for revision and also i can revise when exam leaves are on - also i will watch tv dramas and then analyisis them as i want the best mark as possible out of my AS level.

The 7 factors are:
Age - Looking at the different ages and how they are represented in different aspect throughout a drama e.g. skins is a based on the teenage aspect in the negative outlook of stereotype in todays society.



Also when looking at age i need to consider these key elements;


Gender


Sexuality


Ethnicity


phyical abilty/ disablity


Social class and status


Regional Idenity

I will probably look at my sheet and put poster on my bedroom wall for revision in exam leave but i have back up on the key factors if they stay on this.

Spooks exam revision work.

Spooks

View more presentations from guest57aa40.

This is spooks presentation we did this because we can revise from a 5 minutes and its an example of what we need to answer correctly in an exam.